Invisible Youth: Understanding Ostracism in Our SchoolsOstracism--being ignored and excluded--is a painful experience that can occur in both face-to-face and electronically based (e-based) social interactions (Williams, 2009). Regardless of the reason, ostracism causes immediate emotional distress and psychological need threat (i.e., threats to the needs for belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence; Williams, 2009). Given the potential severity of ostracism's negative effects on children's functioning, the authors emphasize the importance of schools focusing on identifying and helping those students experiencing this treatment.